WHO Warns Wildfire Smoke Can Spread Across Countries and Continents, Threatening Public Health

The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that the health dangers of wildfire smoke extend far beyond the flames, with smoke capable of travelling across regions, countries and even continents, exposing millions of people to harmful air pollution.

The warning comes as large wildfires continue to affect several parts of the world, highlighting the growing public health risks associated with smoke from increasingly frequent and intense fire seasons.

Smoke travels far beyond the fire zone

According to the WHO, wildfire smoke can remain in the atmosphere for long periods and be carried by winds over vast distances, significantly reducing air quality in communities located far from the fires themselves.

The smoke contains a mixture of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), toxic gases and other pollutants that can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, posing serious health risks.

Health risks for millions

The WHO warned that exposure to wildfire smoke can irritate the eyes and respiratory system, worsen asthma and chronic lung disease, and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Children, older adults, pregnant women and people with pre-existing heart or lung conditions are among the groups most vulnerable to smoke-related health effects. Even healthy individuals may experience coughing, breathing difficulties and reduced lung function during periods of poor air quality.

Climate change increasing wildfire risks

The agency noted that climate change is contributing to more frequent and severe wildfires in many regions, increasing the likelihood of prolonged smoke exposure and placing additional pressure on healthcare systems.

Recent wildfire seasons have demonstrated that smoke can cross national borders and even oceans, making wildfire pollution an international public health concern rather than a purely local emergency.

WHO urges preparedness

The WHO called on governments and health authorities to strengthen air-quality monitoring, improve public warning systems and ensure vulnerable communities receive timely health guidance during wildfire events.

Individuals are also encouraged to follow local air-quality advisories, reduce outdoor activities when smoke levels are high, keep indoor air as clean as possible and seek medical attention if they experience persistent breathing difficulties or other smoke-related symptoms.